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Summary
- Omega-3s found to benefit brain function and immunity while supporting the normalisation of the renin-angiotensin system and reducing oxidation among many other effects in response to the symptoms of long-covid.
Abstract
The mechanisms of neuropsychiatric complications of long COVID are multifactorial, including long-term tissue damages from direct CNS viral involvement, unresolved systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, maladaptation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and coagulation system, dysregulated immunity, the dysfunction of neurotransmitters and hypothalamus–pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, and the psychosocial stress imposed by societal changes in response to this pandemic.
Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 or n-3 PUFAs) might have favorable effects on immunity, inflammation, oxidative stress and psychoneuroimmunity at different stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Omega-3 PUFAs, particularly EPA, have shown effects in treating mood and neurocognitive disorders by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, altering the HPA axis, and modulating neurotransmission via lipid rafts.
In addition, omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites, including specialized pro-resolvin mediators, accelerate the process of cleansing chronic inflammation and restoring tissue homeostasis, and therefore offer a promising strategy for Long COVID.
In this article, we explore in a systematic review the putative molecular mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites counteract the negative effects of long COVID on the brain, behavior, and immunity.
This review highlights the molecular mechanisms of omega-3 PUFAs mediated resistance against long COVID based on available evidence.
In addition to preserving or repairing the brain structure and function by interacting with phospholipid metabolism and the known shift in the pattern of lipid metabolites to a more anti-inflammatory metabolite profile, omega-3 PUFAs and/or their biologically active metabolites have the potential to improve oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation; maladaptation of the RAAS and coagulation system; and psychosocial stress from changes in health, financial status, or social life.
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977215/
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